皮膚組織消化手冊

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Worthington組織消化指南

引言

組織消化酶主要用于組織培養和細胞生物學研究的原代細胞的分離和收集。盡管這些消化酶已經普遍應用多年，但是對其組織消化和細胞收集的作用機制卻沒有全面的理解。由此導致的結果便是選擇一種消化方法大多是隨機選擇或基于過去的經驗，而不是在*理解消化原理的基礎上選擇的消化方案，以及如何根據具體實驗目的修正消化方案以獲得更好的實驗結果。

細胞分離程序的目的是zui大程度的獲得功能活性的單個細胞，而影響結果的原因有很多，包括（不限于）以下：

1、組織類型

2、物種來源

3、動物年齡

4、遺傳改造情況（如knockouts）

5、所用的消化培養液

6、所用的酶

7、消化酶中的雜質

8、所用消化酶的工作濃度

9、溫度

10、孵育時間

通常前四個原因沒辦法選擇，而剩下的原因一般由經驗決定以獲取zui適實驗結果。

通過查閱文獻來選擇*組織消化酶和zui適消化條件的研究人員通常被互相矛盾的實驗數據搞得一頭霧水。這些巨大差異來源于組織胞外基質的復雜而動態的特性，以及過去常用的粗制、未提純的組織分離酶。另外，組織胞外基質由各種蛋白、糖蛋白、脂類和糖脂組成，這些成分的組成比例在不同物種、不同組織、甚至不同發育（年齡）之間存在明顯的差異，這些因素都極大的影響了消化方案的制定。目前通常使用的粗制酶，如鏈霉蛋白酶、NF1:250、以及含有幾種其他不同濃度蛋白酶的膠原酶、以及各種多糖酶、核酶和脂酶。

本指南總結了目前常用組織消化酶的zui適消化和細胞收集知識和方法，描述了標準的實驗步驟，以便于制定一個*的細胞分離方案，同時列舉了一些相關的參考文獻。

下表列出多種組織的適宜消化酶（含參考文獻，以組織類型和物種分類，詳見鏈接）

脂肪組織	腎上腺組織	骨組織	腦組織
軟骨組織	結腸組織	內皮組織	上皮組織
眼	心臟	腸	腎
肝	肺	淋巴結	乳腺
其它組織	其他組織	肌組織	神經組織
胰腺	腮腺	垂體	前列腺
生殖	動物鱗片	皮膚	脾臟
干細胞	胸腺	甲狀腺/甲狀旁腺	扁桃體
腫瘤

注：使用Worthington公司消化酶的文獻不限于上表鏈接中所列，一般而言，Worthington公司的組織消化酶可用于大多組織類型的消化。

皮膚組織消化手冊

物種	詳細來源	細胞名稱	消化用酶	培養基	參考文獻
犬	犬	Epidermal	Collagenase: 0.35%	DMEM	Zheng, Y., Nace, A., Chen, W., Watkins, K., Sergott, L., Homan, Y., Vandeberg, J., Breen, M. and Stenn, K.: Mature Hair Follicles Generated from Dissociated Cells: A Universal Mechanism of Folliculoneogenesis., Dev Dyn 239, 2619-26, 2010
			Neutral Protease: 0.1%
青蛙	青蛙	Epidermal	Trypsin: 0.18%	Barth's solution, CMF	Nishikawa, A., Shimizu-Nishikawa, K., and Miler, L.: Isolation, characterization, and in vitro culture of larval and adult epidermal cells of the frog Xenopus laevis, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 1128, 1990
山羊	山羊	Dermis isolated aggrecan sensitive	Neutral Protease: 0.5%	DMEM	Deng, Y., Hu, J. and Athanasiou, K.: Isolation and Chondroinduction of a Dermis-Isolated, Aggrecan-Sensitive Subpopulation with High Chondrogenic Potential., Arthritis Rheum 56, 168, 2007
			Collagenase Type 2: 200 u/ml
人類	人類	Skin	Neutral Protease: 5 u/ml	RPMI 1640	Cheuk, S., Wiken, M., Blomqvist, L., Nylen, S., Talme, T., Stahle, M.and Eidsmo, L.:Epidermal Th22 and Tc17 Cells Form a Localized Disease Memory in Clinically Healed Psoriasis.,J Immunol 192, 3111, 2014
			Collagenase Type 3: 0.3%
			Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.005%
人類	人類	Skin Fibroblasts	Collagenase Type 1: 1000 u/ml	DMEM	Douvaras, P., Wang, J., Zimmer, M., Hanchuk, S., O'Bara, M., Sadiq, S., Sim, F., Goldman, J. and Fossati, V.: Efficient Generation of Myelinating Oligodendrocytes from Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells., Stem Cell Reports3, 250, 2014
人類	人類, 成年的	Epidermal stem cells	Neutral Protease: 2 u/ml	DMEM	Nagel, S., Rohr, F., Weber, C., Kier, J., Siemers, F., Kruse, C., Danner, S., Brandenburger, M. and Matthiessen, A.: Multipotent Nestin-Positive Stem Cells Reside in the Stroma of Human Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands and can be Propagated Robustly In Vitro., PLoS ONE 8, e78365, 2013
			Trypsin: 2.5%
人類	人類	Fibroblasts	Collagenase animal free: 2%	HBSS	Karumbayaram, S., Lee, P., Azghadi, S., Cooper, A., Patterson, M., Kohn, D., Pyle, A., Clark, A., Byrne, J., Zack, J., Plath, K. and Lowry, W.: From Skin Biopsy to Neurons Through a Pluripotent Intermediate Under Good Manufacturing Practice Protocols, Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 36, 2012
人類	人類, 女性, 18-66 歲	Fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.2%	DMEM	Huschtscha, L., Napier, C., Noble, J., Bower, K., Au, A., Campbell, H., Braithwaite, A. and Reddel, R.: Enhanced Isolation of Fibroblasts From Human Skin Explants., Biotechniques 53, 239, 2012
人類	人類	Epidermal	Collagenase: 0.35%	DMEM	Zheng, Y., Nace, A., Chen, W., Watkins, K., Sergott, L., Homan, Y., Vandeberg, J., Breen, M. and Stenn, K.: Mature Hair Follicles Generated from Dissociated Cells: A Universal Mechanism of Folliculoneogenesis., Dev Dyn 239, 2619-26, 2010
			Neutral Protease: 0.1%
人類	人類	skin and keloid progenitor cells	Collagenase Type 1: 0.4%	PBS	Zhang, Q., Yamaza, T., Kelly, AP, Shi, S., Wang, S., Brown, J., Wang, L., French, S., Shi, S. and Le, A.: Tumor-like Stem Cells Derived from Human Keloid are Governed by the Inflammatory Niche Driven by IL-17/IL-6 Axis., PLoS ONE 4, e7798, 2009
			Neutral Protease: 0.3%
人類	人類	Fibroblasts	Collagenase Type 1: 100-320 u/ml	DMEM	Tuan, T., Hwu, P., Ho, W., Yiu, P., Chang, R., Wysocki, A. and Benya, P.: Adenoviral Overexpression and Small Interfering RNA Suppression Demonstrate that Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Produces Elevated Collagen Accumulation in Normal and Keloid Fibroblasts., Am J Pathol 173, 1311-25, 2008
人類	人類, 6-12 歲	Dermal fibroblasts	Neutral Protease: 0.1%	DMEM	Chen, F., Zhang, W., Bi, D., Liu, W., Wei, X., Chen, F., Zhu, L., Cui, L. and Cao, Y.: Clonal Analysis of Nestin(-) Vimentin(+) Multipotent Fibroblasts Isolated from Human Dermis., J Cell Sci120, 2875, 2007
			Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
人類	人類	Hair follicular epithelial	Neutral Protease: 1.25%	DMEM/F-12	Yu Hong, Fang Dong, Kumar Suresh M, Li Ling, Nguyen Thiennga K, Acs Geza, Herlyn Meenhard, Xu Xiaowei: Isolation of a novel population of multipotent adult stem cells from human hair follicles, Am J Pathol 168, 1879-88, 2006
			Trypsin: 0.25%
人類	人類	fibroblasts	Collagenase: 0.5%	DMEM/F12	Clark, R., Chong, B., Mirchandani, N., Yamanaka, K., Murphy, G., Dowgiert, R. and Kupper, T.: A Novel Method for the Isolation of Skin Resident T cells from Normal and Diseased Human Skin., J Invest Dermatol 126, 1059, 2006
			Trypsin: 0.25%
人類	人類, 新生的	Keratinocytes	Neutral Protease: 0.4%	DMEM	Li, A., Pouliot, N., Redvers, R., and Kaur, P.: Extensive tissue-regenerative capacity of neonatal human keratinocytes stem cells and their progeny, J Clin Invest 113, 390-400, 2004
			Collagenase: 0.3%
人類	人類	Mast cells	Neutral Protease: 0.05%	RPMI	Babina Magda, Guhl Sven, Starke Andrae, Kirchhof Loreen, Zuberbier Torsten, Henz Beate M: Comparative cytokine profile of human skin mast cells from two compartments--strong resemblance with monocytes at baseline but induction of IL-5 by IL-4 priming, J Leukoc Biol 75, 244-52, 2004
			Collagenase Type 4: 1.0%
人類	人類, 成年的	Dermal fibroblasts	Collagenase: 0.5-1.0%	DMEM	Wang, H., Van Blitterswijk, C., Bertrand-De Haas, M., Schuurman, A. and Lamme, E.:Improved Enzymatic Isolation of Fibroblasts for the Creation of Autologous Skin Substitutes., In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 40, 268, 2004
人類	人類	Fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.25%	DMEM	Tuan Tai-Lan, Wu Huayang, Huang Eunice Y, Chong Sheree S N, Laug Walter, Messadi Diana, Kelly Paul, Le Anh: Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in keloid fibroblasts may account for their elevated collagen accumulation in fibrin gel cultures, Am J Pathol 162, 1579-89, 2003
人類	人類	Keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial	Neutral Protease: see reference	see reference	Supp Dorothy M, Wilson-Landy Kaila, Boyce Steven T: Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells form vascular analogs in cultured skin substitutes after grafting to athymic mice, FASEB J 16, 797-804, 2002
			Collagenase: see reference
人類	人類, 成年的	Keratinocytes	Neutral Protease: 0.25%	PBS	Baudoux, B., Castanares-Zapatero, D., Leclercq-Smekens, M., Berna, N., and Poumay, Y.: The Tetraspanin CD9 Associates with the Integrin a6B4 in Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and is Involved in Cell Motility, Eur J Cell Biol 79, 41, 2000
人類	人類	Keratinocytes	Neutral Protease: 0.25%	see reference	Hybbinette S, Bostrom M, Lindberg K: Enzymatic dissociation of keratinocytes from human skin biopsies for in vitro cell propagation, Exp Dermatol 8, 30-8, 1999
			Trypsin: 0.17%
			Thermolysin: 0.05%
人類	人類	Human skin mast cells	Neutral Protease: 0.1%	PBS	Grutzkau A, Kruger-Krasagakes S, Baumeister H, Schwarz C, Kogel H, Welker P, Lippert U, Henz BM, Moller A: Synthesis, storage, and release of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) by human mast cells: implications for the biological significance of VEGF206, Mol Biol Cell 9, 875-84, 1998
			Collagenase Type 1: see reference
人類	人類	Epidermal	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	PBS	Reece J C, Handley A J, Anstee E J, Morrison W A, Crowe S M, Cameron P U: HIV-1 selection by epidermal dendritic cells during transmission across human skin, J Exp Med 187, 1623-31, 1998
			Neutral Protease: 0.5-1.0%
人類	人類	Keratinocytes	Trypsin: 0.05%	Dulbecco's PBS	Judd, D., Battista, P., and Behm, D.: Culture of Human Keratinocytes in Defined Serum-Free Medium, Focus 19 (1), 2, 1997
人類	人類	Epidermis plus dermis	Trypsin: 0.125%	DMEM, M199	Harley, C., and Sherwood, S.: Methods in Molecular Biology, Basic Cell Culture Protocols, 2nd ed. Vol. 75,Pollard, J., and Walker, J., Humana Press, 23, 1997
		Abdomen or inner forearm
人類	人類	Keratinocytes	Trypsin: 0.25%	DMEM	Regnier, M: Culture of Human Karatinocytes,Cell & Tissue Culture: Laboratory Procedures Vol. 1,Doyle, A., Griffiths, J., and Newell, D., John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 11B:4.1, 1995
人類	人類, 成年的, 女性, 乳房皮膚	Keratinocytes	Trypsin: 0.25%	PBS	Hirel, B., Chesne, C., Pailgheret, J., and Guillouzo, A.: Expression of Differentiation Markers in Human Adult Keratinocytes Cultured in Submerged Conditions, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 30A, 372, 1994
人類	人類, 新生兒包皮	Fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.25%	DMEM	Hansbrough, J., Cooper, M., Cohen, R., Spielvogel, R., Greenleaf, G., Bar, R., and Naughton, G.: Evaluation of a Biodegradable Matrix Containing Cultured Human Fibroblasts as a Dermal Replacement Beneath Meshed Skin Grafts on Athymic Mice, Surgery 111 (1), 438, 1992
人類	人類, 18-50 歲	Sweat duct	Collagenase: 0.03%	MEM	Bell, C. and Quinton, P.: Effects of Media Buffer Systems on Growth and Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Cultured Sweat Duct Cells, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 27, 47, 1991
人類	人類	Fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.25%	CMF solution	Limat, A., Hunziker, T., Boillat, C., Noser, F., and Wiesmann, U.: Postmitotic Human Dermal Fibroblasts Preserve Intact Feeder Properties for Epithelial Cell Growth After Long-Term Cryopreservation, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 709, 1990
人類	人類	Sweat gland	Collagenase Type 2: 0.015%	(see reference)	Krouse, M., Hagiqara, G., Chen, J., Lewiston, N., and Wine, J.: Ion Channels in Normal Human and Cystic Fibrosis Sweat Gland Cells, Am J Physiol 257, C129, 1989
人類	人類, 年齡16-30	Human sweat duct	Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%	RPMI 1640	Pedersen, P.: Human Sweat Duct Cells in Primary Culture. Basic Bioelectric Properties of Cultures Derived From Normals and Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 25 (4), 342, 1989
				(see reference)
人類	人類	Melanocytes, skin/ foreskin	Trypsin: 0.25%	PBS	Peacocke, M., Yaar, M., Mansur, C., Chao, M., and Gilchrest, B.: Induction of Nerve Growth Factor Receptors on Cultured Human Melanocytes, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85, 5282, 1988
人類	人類	Human sweat glands	Collagenase: 0.2%	HBSS	Lee, C., Carpenter, F., Coaker, T., and Kealey, T.: The Primary Culture of Epithelia From the Secretory Coil and Collecting Duct of Normal Human and Cystic Fibrotic Eccrine Sweat Glands, J Cell Sci 83, 103, 1986
人類	人類	Keratinocytes	Trypsin: 0.25%	DMEM	Dover, R. and Potten, C.: Cell Cycle Kinetics of Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes, J Invest Dermatol 80, 423, 1983
人類	人類, 成年的	Epidermal keratinocytes	Trypsin: 0.25%	Eagle's MEM	Alitalo K, Kuismanen E, Myllyla R, Kiistala U, Asko-Seljavaara S, Vaheri A: Extracellular matrix proteins of human epidermal keratinocytes and feeder 3T3 cells, J Cell Biol 94, 497-505, 1982
			Collagenase: 0.2%
			Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.001%
人類	人類, fetal	Smooth muscle, fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.055%	DMEM	Davies, P. and Kerr, C.: Modification of LDL Metabolism by Growth Factors in Cultured Vascular Cells and Human Skin Fibroblasts, Biochim Biophys Acta 712, 26, 1982
人類	人類, 18-30歲, 男性, 女性	Fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.1%	HBSS	McCoy, B., Galdun, J., and Cohen, I.: Effects of Density and Cellular Aging On Collagen Synthesis and Growth Kinetics in Keloid and Normal Skin Fibroblasts, In Vitro 18 (1), 79, 1982
人類	人類, 新生兒	Keratinocytes	Trypsin: 0.3%	DMEM	Liu, S., Eaton, M., and Karasek, M.: Growth Characteristics of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes from Newborn Foreskin in Primary and Serial Cultures, In Vitro 15 (10), 813, 1979
人類	人類	Keratinocytes	Trypsin: 0.25%	(see reference)	Rheinwald, J., and Green, H.: Serial C*tion of Strains of Human Epidermal Kerotinocytes: The Formation of Keratinizing Colonies from Single Cells, Cell 6, 331, 1975
小鼠	小鼠	Epidermal	Neutral Protease: 0.5%	DMEM	Gu, D., Fan, Q and Xie, J.: Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis., J Vis Exp , e50311, 2013
			Collagenase Type 4: 0.1%
小鼠	小鼠	Epithelial Stem	Trypsin: 0.25%	HBSS	Jensen, U., Ghazizadeh, S. and Owens, D.: Isolation and Characterization of Cutaneous Epithelial Stem Cells., Methods Mol Biol 989, 61-9, 2013
			Collagenase Type 1: 0.4%
小鼠	小鼠	Dermal fibroblasts	Collagenase: 400 u/ml	AminoMAX II	Scheibye-Knudsen, M., Ramamoorthy, M., Sykora, P., Maynard, S., Lin, P., Minor, R., Wilson, D., Cooper, M., Spencer, R., de Cabo, R., Croteau, D. and Bohr, V.: Cockayne Syndrome Group B Protein Prevents the Accumulation of Damaged Mitochondria by Promoting Mitochondrial Autophagy., J Exp Med 209, 855, 2012
小鼠	小鼠	Epidermal and dermal	Collagenase Type 4: 0.18%	PBS	King, I., Kroenke, M. and Segal, B.: GM-CSF-Dependent, CD103+ Dermal Dendritic Cells Play a Critical Role in Th Effector Cell Differentiation After Subcutaneous Immunization., J Exp Med 207, 953, 2010
			Collagenase/Dispase: 0.18%
小鼠	小鼠, 2-3 天	Dermal fibroblasts	Collagenase Type 2: 0.04%	DME	Farina, G., York, M., Di Marzio, M., Collins, C., Meller, S., Homey, B., Rifkin, I., Marshak-Rothstein, A., Radstake, T. and Lafyatis, R.: Poly(I:C) Drives Type I IFN- and TGF尾-Mediated Inflammation and Dermal Fibrosis Simulating Altered Gene Expression in Systemic Sclerosis., J Invest Dermatol 130, 2583-93, 2010
			Trypsin: 0.025%
小鼠	小鼠	Dermal	Collagenase Type 3: 0.3%	HBSS	Eidsmo, L., Allan, R., Caminschi, I., Van Rooijen, N., Heath, W. and Carbone, F.:Differential Migration of Epidermal and Dermal Dendritic Cells During Skin Infection., J Immunol 182, 3165, 2009
			Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.0005%
小鼠	小鼠, 新生的	Dermal	Collagenase: 0.35%	PBS	Crigler Lauren, Kazhanie Amita, Yoon Tae-Jin, Zakhari Julia, Anders Joanna, Taylor Barbara, Virador VictoriaM: Isolation of a mesenchymal cell population from murine dermis that contains progenitors of multiple cell lineages, FASEB J 21, 2050-63, 2007
			Deoxyribonuclease I: see reference
小鼠	小鼠	Dermal fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.25%	DMEM	Baxter Ruth M, Crowell Thomas P, McCrann Margaret E, Frew Erica M, Gardner Humphrey: Analysis of the tight skin (Tsk1/+) mouse as a model for testing antifibrotic agents,Lab Invest 85, 1199-209, 2005
			Collagenase Type 1: 0.25%
小鼠	小鼠, 新生的	Microvascular endothelial	Neutral Protease: 0.005%	DMEM	Cha, S., Talavera, D., Demir, E., Nath, A. and Sierra-Honigmann, M.: A Method of Isolation and Culture of Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Mouse Skin., Microvasc Res 70, 198, 2005
			Collagenase Type 1: 4%
小鼠	小鼠, male 6-24 week	Skin side population	Collagenase Type 4: 0.2%	PBS	Montanaro F, Liadaki K, Volinski J, Flint A, and Kunkel LM.: Skeletal muscle engraftment potential of adult mouse skin side population cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 9336, 2003
			Neutral Protease: 1.2 u/ml
小鼠	小鼠	Ear epidermal	Trypsin: 0.1%	PBS	Takanami-Ohnishi Yoko, Amano Shinya, Kimura Sadao, Asada Sachie, Utani Atsushi, Maruyama Masumi, Osada Hiroyuki, Tsunoda Hajime, Irukayama-Tomobe Yoko, Goto Katsutoshi, Karin Michael, Sudo Tatsuhiko, Kasuya Yoshitoshi: Essential role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in contact hypersensitivity, J Biol Chem 277, 37896-903, 2002
			Collagenase: 0.2%
小鼠	小鼠, 3-7 月	Fibroblasts, mesangial, smooth muscle	Trypsin: 0.25%	DMEM	Bradshaw AD, Francki A, Motamed K, Howe C, Sage EH: Primary mesenchymal cells isolated from SPARC-null mice exhibit altered morphology and rates of proliferation, Mol Biol Cell 10, 1569-79, 1999
			Collagenase: see reference
			Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: .05%
豬	豬, 3-4 月	Synovial membrane and skin stem cells	Collagenase: 0.2%	DMEM	Ando, W., Kutcher, J., Krawetz, R., Sen, A., Nakamura, N., Frank, C. and Hart, D.: Clonal Analysis of Synovial Fluid Stem Cells to Characterize and Identify Stable Mesenchymal Stromal Cell/Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Phenotypes in a Porcine Model: A Cell Source with Enhanced Commitment to the Chondrogenic Lineage., Cytotherapy 16, 776, 2014
豬	豬, 2-6 月	Keratinocytes	Neutral Protease: 0.25%	Dulbecco-Vogt MEM	Regauer S, Compton C: Cultured porcine epithelial grafts: an improved method, J Invest Dermatol 94, 230-4, 1990
大鼠	Wistar大鼠, 4-8 天	Dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes	Trypsin: 0.25%	Ham's F-12	Sugihara, H and Toda, S: Primary Tissue Intact and Dissociated Cell Culture,Cell & Tissue Culture: Laboratory Procedures Vol. 1,Doyle, A., Griffiths, J., and Newell, D., John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 3A:2.1, 1995
大鼠	SD大鼠, 雄性, 40-60 天	Sebaceous	Trypsin: 0.2%	DMEM with FBS	Laurent, S., Mednieks, M., and Rosenfield, R.: Growth of Sebaceous Cells in Monolayer Culture, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 28, 83, 1992
				PBS
大鼠	大鼠, 新生的, 產后的12-24 小時	Fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.2%	HEPES buffered DMEM	Acheson, A., Barker, P., Alderson, R., Miller, F., and Murphy, R.: Detection of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-like Activity in Fibroblasts and Schwann Cells: Inhibition by Antibodies to NGF, Neuron 7, 265, 1991
大鼠	大鼠, 白化變種, 一天大, CFN	Keratinocytes	Trypsin: 1%	EBSS	Vaughan, F., Gray, R., and Bernstein, I.: Growth and Differentiation of Primary Rat Keratinocytes on Synthetic Membranes, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 22 (3), 141, 1986

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3：提供加急服務，一般1-2周到貨，超過時限加急費全免

4：價格公道，絕大部分價格有優勢，當然不能保證100%產品都是,因為意味著沒有服務.

5：良好的信譽，大部分客戶我們提供貨到付款服務，客戶包括清華，北大交大復旦，中山等100多所大學，ROCHE，阿斯利康，國藥，fisher等500多家公司

6：我們還是Santa,Advanced Biotechnologies Inc, Worthington Biochemical ,bangs,BBInternational,crystalchem,dianova,FD Neurotechnologies,Inc. Dako,Inc, GePromegaridege, Glycotope Biotechnology GmbH; iduron,Innovative Research of America, Ludger, neuroprobe,Worthington Biochemical , Polysciences,prospecbi, QA-BIO,quickzyme,FULLERLABS,INC,sterlitech；sysy,TriLink BioTechnologies,Inc；worthington-biochem,zyagen等幾十家國外公司授權代理。
7：我們還是invitrogen,qiagen,Worthington Biochemical am,sigma;Promega,roche,merck, rnd,BD, GE,pierce,BioLegend等*批發，歡迎合作。

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